In the Beginning Was Information: A Scientist Explains the Incredible Design in Nature Review

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In the Beginning Was Information: A Scientist Explains the Incredible Design in Nature ReviewThe German professor Werner Gitt, in his landmark book In The Beginning Was Information provides a rigorously formal presentation and his book is well worth reading.
Gitt's argument is summarized in the following 8 theorems:
(1) No information can exist without a code.
(2) No code can exist without a free and deliberate convention.
(3) No information can exist without the five hierarchical levels: statistics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and apobetics [note: apobetics is Gitt's term, referring to the fact that there can be shown to be
a will and a larger objective behind all instances of intent].
(4) No information can exist in purely statistical processes.
(5) No information can exist without a transmitter.
(6) No information chain can exist without a mental origin.
(7) No information can exist without an initial mental source; that is, information is, by its nature, a mental and not a material quantity.
(8) No information can exist without a will.
These theorems are similar to the laws of gravity and the laws of thermodynamics, in that no counterexample has ever been found. Gitt has presented this proof to university audiences of many thousands of people across Europe, and no one has ever been able to point out an exception. Numerous rebuttals to Gitt's theorems have been made, but in each instance, every one ignores or dismisses semantics and intent, properties that are essential to all forms of communication.
Unless / until a contradictory example can be found, these theorems are taken to be universally true.
For any reviewer to question Dr. Prof. Gitt's knowledge of the topic, only shows ignorance on his/her partIn the Beginning Was Information: A Scientist Explains the Incredible Design in Nature Overview

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Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests (Wiley Technical Communications Library) Review

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Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests (Wiley Technical Communications Library) ReviewI'm a clinical-social psychologist by training; lots and experimental psychology and research design and analysis experience. Rubin really captures the basics of the scientist-subject without being overly complex, and he does it specific to software and similar assessment projects. His writing is clean, and maybe even simple. As such, I consider his efforts a success. However, the single volume is not sufficient. Combined with titles by Nielsen, Hackos, Redish, Cooper, Norman, etc., etc., as well as a *thorough* review of the journals (the profession is changing *so* rapidly), I think Rubin's book becomes more worthy, and more useful over time. Positive, is that it's a paperback; neutral is that it might be better as a spiral-bound; negative is that it is over-priced. It should be about $24.95.Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests (Wiley Technical Communications Library) Overview

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The User Illusion: Cutting Consciousness Down to Size (Penguin Press Science) Review

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The User Illusion: Cutting Consciousness Down to Size (Penguin Press Science) ReviewI'm a big fan of the recent books attempting to explain consciousness: Dennett, the Churchlands, Owen Flannagan, Damasio, Edleman, Crick, Calvin, and so on. "The User Illusion" is unique among this crowd in two ways. First, it builds from a broader base of support, in information theory and thermodynamics. Second, it does not focus on the brain, but on the experience of consciousness. This seems at first to be a weakness, but it turns out to be a strength because what the author attempts to explain is how the experience of consciousness relates to the reality around us.
In this book, a number of different lines of evidence converge on the profoundly scientific but uncomfortably counter-intuitive conclusion that conscious awareness is an extremely narrow bandwidth simulation used to help create a useful illusion of an "I" who sees all , knows all, and can explain all.
Yet the mental processes actually driving our behavior are (and need to be) far more vast and process a rich tapestry of information around us that conscious awareness cannot comprehend without highly structuring it first. So the old notion of an "unconscious mind" is not wrong because we have no "unconscious," but because our entire mind is unconscious, with a tiny but critical feature of being able to observe and explain itself, as if an outside observer.
This fits so well with the social psychological self-perception research, and recent research into the perception of pain and other sensations, that it has a striking ring of truth about it.
This does lead to some difficult conceptual problems. A chapter is devoted to the odd result discovered by Benjamin Libet (also featured prominently in Dennett's Consciousness Explained, but not explained nearly so clearly there). Libet observed that the brain seems to prepare for a planned action a half second before we realize we have chosen to perform the action. This dramatically makes the author's point that human experience proceeds from sensing to interpreting teh sensation within a simulation of reality, to experiencing. If we accept that the brain has to create its own simulation in order for us to experience something, there's no reason why the simulation can't bias our perception of when we chose to act. So we act out of a larger, richer self, but experience ourselves as acting from a narrowly defined self-aware self with no real privileged insight into the mental processes behind it.
This may well be the best discussion of conscious awareness yet presented in a generally readable form. But it does have some glaring weaknesses. The author takes great pains to build this model of conscious awareness from the ground up, but then applies it in a brief and haphazard manner to all sorts of things that deserve much more thought, such as religion, hypnosis, dreams, and so on. Even with the few weaknesses, the case made for the author's view of conscious awareness is both compelling and useful for further discussions, because it is built on a solid scientific and mathematical foundation, and the author manages to remain within areas that are already well studied. It isn't clear whether the author's model makes many testable predictions beyond those made by the underlying theories of perception, but it does provide a larger explanatory framework that is at once sophisticated and comprehensible.The User Illusion: Cutting Consciousness Down to Size (Penguin Press Science) Overview

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